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Republic of Karelia is situated in the North-West of the European part of Russian Federation. It is washed by the White Sea in the North-East - the length of Karelian shore is over 630 kilometres. The republic borders with Finland on the West, with Murmansk region (another part of Russian Federation) on the North. Onego Lake is situated on the East of the republic. Ladoga Lake forms the main part of Southern karelian border. The territory of Karelia is 172,4 thousand square kilometres, its population is about 700 thousand people. From scientific point of view, the very first ancient people and their settlements appeared more than 5000 years ago, here. The landscape of Karelia is a unique feature of its nature. It is formed by incalculable quantity of lakes with whimsically curved shores, rivers, rocks and high hills covered by dark green taiga. Rivers and lakes play an important role in Karelian nature. The rivers are mostly rather small. But they have usually got many rapids, turnings and waterfalls. Kivach is the most famous and beautiful of the waterfalls. Its height is about 11 metres. The whole number of rivers in Karelia is more than 23 thousands. Suna, Kem, Chirka-Kem, Shuya, Vodla, Vyg are the biggest of them. More than 95 percents of Karelian rivers have got length less than 10 kilometres.
The number of lakes in Karelia is about 61 thousands. The average quantity of lakes of various size, located on one thousand square kilometres of the territory, is 350. The republic is the area with the greatest concentration of lakes, in the whole world. A large part of Karelian territory consists of marshes. These marshes are often covered by low trees. Lakes and marshes of the republic are a great storeroom of high-quality fresh water - about 2 thousand cubic kilometres. Forests cover about 50 percents of Karelian territory. More than one half of these forests consists of pine, one third of them consists of spruce and only one tenth is leafy trees. Plenty of stones is one else particular feature of Karelian landscape.
These are different rocks, boulders, small hills which consist of many big stones, etc. Stone materials used in building - granite, quartzite, marble, and others - are one of the main Karelian wealths. Karelian towns began to appear long time ago. Olonets is the most ancient of them. It was known from year 1137. Pudoga (nowadays Pudozh) was founded in 1391. The capital of Karelian Republic - Petrozavodsk city - was founded in 1703 by famous Russian tsar Peter the First. Many towns, such as Kondopoga, Medvezhyegorsk, Belomorsk, Kostomuksha, Segezha were created, during the period of the Soviet Union. The republic has got great cultural and historical heritage. The most ancient monuments of human culture, petroglyphs (stone images), stone "mazes" on the shore of the White Sea; a unique complex of wood buildings Kizhi (18 - 19 centuries), stone temples of Valaam, Pudozh, Olonets are the subjects of great cultural value for the whole world. Karelian nature and historical monuments are the main reasons for popularity of Karelia as a large centre of tourism. The republic attracts attention of many people both from Russia and other countries. |
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